INTRODUCTIONThe development of micro computers, or more often referred to as a PC (Personal Computer) that such a rapid course not separated from the human need for information to be processed by the PC and of course the development of technology, especially technology hardware, software, as well as functions or algorithms used in processing information that is processed.Still in our memories will terbekas celebration of 20 years PC that falls in August 2001 that then, that if we look today we are at a time when the PC has become an inseparable part of our lives. If the initial discovery, the PC is still regarded as expensive goods, are now almost everyone already have them. That said, people who are not familiar with computers will be branded as a person who stutters technology.If at that time PC diotaki by the Intel 8088 processor is only capable of running at 4.77 MHz which is used to drive word-processing program in creating and editing documents, simple spreadsheets to do the job and business accounting, and simple database program and some educational programs and games are also still very simple. Now diotaki PC can run with Intel Pentium4 2GHz speeds, even new - this new arena Intel Corp. through its Intel Developer Forum, Intel has been showing a demo of processor speed 3.5 GHz! A leap of technological invention is quite fantastic.
However, the development of the ability of the PC is not always determined by the development of the processor alone. Still other factors, such as technology, chipset, memory, VGA card, the media store, and so forth. All devices with each other grow, evolve into a better direction for the joint - the same robust build a PC system.For that, through this paper, the author tries to give a little information about the evolution of the memory device on a PC. But before stepping on the subject matter, it must be stressed before discussing the scope of this paper. Evolution of memory that the author discussed in this paper covers only the main memory (main memory) type of RAM (Random Access Memory) used in micro-computer (PC).The rapid development of processor capability must be balanced with the increased memory capabilities. As a container for data / information needed by the processor as well as a container for the results of calculations performed by the processor, memory capability in managing such data is essential. Useless to a PC system with high-speed processor, if not matched by a commensurate memory capabilities.Inaccurate fusion processor with the memory capacity can lead to inefficiencies for both.Say we have a processor that can process the data flow of 100 instructions per second, while we have the memory with the ability to distribute data to the processor by 50 instructions per second. Then what happened? The system will experience a bottleneck.Processor must wait for data from memory. The instructions should be done within 1 second to 2 seconds because of limited memory capacity.What Does The terms of RAM?So many names and specific terms used in RAM. Sometimes it can be confusing. But it does not matter, after you read the following brief explanation. It can be used as a guide, at least to read the specifications and take into account the ability of the product concerned.SpeedSpeed or velocity, is increasingly becoming an important factor in the selection of a memory module. CPU speed increases, coupled with the development of the use of dual-core processors, making the RAM should have a faster ability to serve the CPU.There are several important parameters which will affect the speed of a memory.MegahertzThe use of this term, beginning in the era of the triumph of SDRAM. Memory speeds, ranging expressed in megahertz (MHz). And still used, even to the DDR2.Calculation based on the time interval (period) is needed between each clock cycle.Usually in the order of nanosecond time. As an example in the memory with the actual clock speed of 133 MHz, would require 8ns access time for 1 clock cycle.Then shifted by the presence of DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate). With a major development in the ability to send data twice as many. DDR transmit data twice in one clock cycle.Most products begin using effective clock speed, the result of multiplying two times the data being transmitted. These are more accurately referred to as DDR Rating.The same thing happened to DDR2. Is the result of the development of the DDR. With the main advantages of low voltage power supply that reduces heat during operation.DDR2 memory chip capacity also increased dramatically, enabling a DDR2 chip has a capacity of up to 2 GB. DDR2 also increased the speed compared to DDR.PC RatingIn DDR modules, often found in terms such as PC3200. For the DDR2 module, PC2-3200. Where did this figure come from?Commonly known as PC Rating for DDR and DDR2 modules. As this example is a DDR module with a clock speed of 200 MHz. Or for DDR rating called DDR400. With 64-bit bus width, then the data can be transferred is 25 600 megabits per second (= 400 MHz x 64-bit). With 1 byte = 8 bits, then rounded to 3.200MBps (Mebabyte per second). Throughput figure is used as the value of the PC rating. Additional number "2", both on the PC Rating Rating maupu DDR, only to tell the difference between DDR and DDR2.CAS LatencyAcronym derived from the abbreviation CAS column address strobe or column address select. Meaning they are the same, namely the specific location of an array of data in DRAM modules.CAS Latency, or also commonly abbreviated CL, is the amount of time required (in units of clock cycles) during the delay time between data requests sent to the memory controller for the read, until the memory module successfully pull the data output. The lower the CL specification owned a RAM module, with the same clock speed, will result in faster memory access.KNOW YOUR PARTS RAMPhysically, this one PC components including components with small size and simple.Compared to other PC components.At first glance, it is only in the form of a small piece of PCB, with several additional components of black. With additional points of contact points, to interact with the motherboard memory. This is in between.PCB (Printed Circuit Board)In general, green colored PCB board. On the PCB is some component of memory chips installed.PCB itself is composed of several layers (layer). At each layer is attached path or circuit, to supply power and data. In theory, the more the number of layers used on the memory PCB, will increasingly cross-sectional area available in designing the route.This allows the distance between point and line width can be set more freely, and avoid noise interference antarjalur on the PCB. And overall will make the memory modules are more stable and faster performance. That is why in some ads for memory products, emphasized the number of layers on the PCB used memory module products.Contact PointOften also called the finger contacts, edge connectors, or leads. When the memory module is inserted into the memory slot on the motherboard, this is the part that connects between the motherboard information to and from memory modules. This connector is usually made of copper or gold. Gold has a better conductivity value. But the consequences, with a more expensive price. Better choice of memory module connectors adapted to the materials used on the motherboard memory slot. Two different metals, coupled with electrical current flow allows the PC to work more corrosive reaction.At the contact point, which consists of hundreds of points, separated by a special indentation. Commonly referred to as a notch. Its main function, to prevent installation errors on the type of memory modules available DIMM slots on the motherboard. For example, DDR module has a notch is 73 mm from one end of the PCB (the front). While DDR2 has the notch at a distance of 71 mm from the tip of the PCB. For SDRAM, more easily distinguished, with the second notch on the contact point.DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)The components shaped black boxes mounted on a PCB module is called DRAM memory. Called dynamic, because it only holds data in a short period of time and must be refreshed periodically. While the types and forms of DRAM or memory chip itself is quite diverse.Chip PackagingOr in the Indonesian language is the chip packaging. Is the outer layer of the physical building blocks of each memory chip. Most commonly used, especially on DDR memory module is TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package). On RDRAM and DDR2 using CSP (Chip Scale Package). Some of the chip to memory modules prior to use DIP (Dual In-Line Package) and SOJ (Small Outline J-lead).DIP (Dual In-Line Package)This type of memory chip used when memory is installed directly on the motherboard PCB. DIP included in the category of through-hole components, which can be mounted on the PCB through holes are available for the legs / pins. Type of DRAM chips can be soldered or attached with the socket. SOJ (Small Outline J-Lead) Chip DRAM SOJ type, called demikan because it has a pin shaped like huruh "J". SOJ included in surfacemount component, meaning that this component is installed on the side surface on the PCB.TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package)Included in surfacemount component. His name is in accordance with the shape and physical size are much thinner and smaller than a SOJ.CSP (Chip Scale Package)If the DIP, SOJ and TSOP using the legs / pins to connect it to the board, CSP is no longer using a PIN. Connections using a BGA (Ball Grid Array) contained at the bottom of the component. DRAM chip components are put into use in the RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) and DDR.Historical development of RAM1. R A MRAM stands for Random Access Memory was discovered by Robert Dennard and produced on a large - scale by Intel in 1968, long before the PC is found by IBM in 1981.From here is the development of RAM starts. At the beginning of creation, the RAM requires 5.0-volt voltage to run at a frequency of 4.77 MHz, with memory access time (access time) of about 200ns (1ns = 10-9 seconds).2. D R A MIn 1970, IBM created a memory called DRAM. Own DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. Dynamic Named because this type of memory at any given time interval, always update the information or content validity. DRAM has a frequency that varies from 4.77 MHz to 40MHz.3. FP RAMFast Page Mode DRAM, or abbreviated with FPM DRAM is found around the year 1987. Since it was first launched, this type of memory directly dominate the memory market, and people often call this type of memory "DRAM" alone, without naming the FPM. This type of memory works just like an index or table of contents. Meaning Page itself is part of the memory contained on a row address. When the system requires the contents of a memory address, FPM stay retrieve information about them based on indices that have been owned. FPM enables faster data transfer on the line (row) of the same from the previous memory types. FPM works in the frequency range 16MHz to 66MHz with an access time of 50ns. In addition, FPM is able to process data transfer (bandwidth) of 188.71 Mega Bytes (MB) per second.FPM memory is widely used in systems based on Intel 286, 386 and bit 486.4. EDO RAMIn 1995, were created memory type Extended Data Output Dynamic Random Access Memory (EDO DRAM), which is a refinement of the FPM. EDO memory read cycle can shorten it so as to improve its performance about 20 percent. EDO has an access time that is varied enough, which is about 70ns to 50ns and working at a frequency of 33MHz to 75MHz. Although EDO is a refinement of the FPM, but both could not be installed simultaneously, because of differences in ability.EDO DRAM memory used in systems based on Intel 486 and Pentium kompatibelnya and earlier generations.5. PC66 SDRAMAt the turn of the year 1996 - 1997, Kingston creates a memory module which can work on the speed (frequency) the same bus / sync with a working frequency of the processor.That's why Kingston's call this type of memory as a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). SDRAM is then better known as the PC66 because working at 66MHz bus frequency. Unlike previous memory types that require a fairly high working voltage, voltage SDRAM requires only amounted to 3.3 volts and has an access time of 10ns.With the best ability at the time and has been mass produced, not only by Kingston alone, PC66 memory quickly became the standard time memory. Processor-based systems like Intel Pentium Socket 7 Classic (P75 - P266MMX) and kompatibelnya from AMD, WinChip, IDT, and so can work very fast by using these PC66 memory. Even Intel Celeron II early generation still uses PC66 SDRAM memory system.
6. PC100 SDRAMLapse of a period of one year after PC66 mass produced and used, Intel made a new standard type of memory that is an extension of PC66 memory. The new standard was created by Intel to balance the system with the system chipset i440BX Slot 1, which also was created by Intel. This chipset is designed to work on the bus frequency at 100MHz.This chipset was developed by Intel at the same time to be paired with the latest Intel Pentium II processor that works on a 100MHz bus. Because the bus system operates at a frequency of 100MHz while Intel still wants to use SDRAM memory systems, SDRAM memory method is developed that can work at 100MHz bus frequency. Like its predecessor PC66, SDRAM memory is then known as PC100.By using the working voltage of 3.3 volts, PC100 memory has an access time of 8ns, shorter than PC66. In addition, PC100 memory can stream data at 800MB per second.Almost identical to its predecessor, PC100 memory has brought a change in computer systems. Not only Slot 1-based processor that uses PC100 memory, the system based on Socket 7 was updated to be able to use PC100 memory. Then came the so-called Super Socket 7 systems. Examples of processors that use socket Super7 is AMD K6-2, Intel Pentium II generation of late, and early-generation Intel Pentium II Intel Celeron II and the early generations.
8. DR DRAMIn 1999, Rambus memory system by creating a new architecture and a revolutionary, totally different from SDRAM.Oleh Rambus memory architecture, memory is called Direct Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. By simply using a voltage of 2.5 volts, which works on RDRAM 800MHz system bus via a bus system called the Direct Rambus Channel, able to stream data at 1.6 GB per second! (1GB = 1000MHz).Unfortunately the sophistication DRDRAM not be utilized by the system chipset and processor at that time so the memory is less received support from various parties. One more thing that makes this memory is less desirable because the price is very expensive.9. PC800 RDRAMStill in the same year, Rambus has also developed an other memory types with the same ability with DRDRAM. The difference only lies in the necessary working voltage. If DRDRAM require voltage of 2.5 volts, then the PC800 RDRAM works on voltage 3.3 volt. The fate of RDRAM memory is almost the same as DRDRAM, less desirable, if not utilized by Intel.Intel has managed to create a very high-speed processor requires a memory system that is able to keep up and work together well. SDRAM memory type was not worth it anymore. Intel needs more than that. With dipasangkannya Intel Pentium4, RDRAM name skyrocketed, and the longer the price is getting down.10. PC133 SDRAMIn addition to the development of PC800 RDRAM memory in 1999, SDRAM memory has not been abandoned, even by the Vikings, even more enhanced capabilities. As the name implies, PC133 SDRAM memory works at 133MHz bus frequency with an access time of 7.5 ns and is able to stream data at 1.06 GB per second. Although developed to work on PC133 bus frequency of 133MHz, but memory is also capable of running at 100MHz bus frequency, although not as good as the ability possessed by PC100 at that frequency.11. PC150 SDRAMSDRAM memory development is increasingly becoming - so after Mushkin, in 2000 succeeded in developing memory chips capable of working at 150MHz bus frequency, although in fact there has been no official standards regarding the frequency of the bus system or chipset for this. Still with the working voltage of 3.3 volts, PC150 memory has an access time of 7ns and able to stream data at 1.28 GB per second.Memory is intentionally created for purposes of overclockers, but the user gaming applications and 3-dimensional graphics, desktop publishing, and computer servers to take advantage of the presence of PC150 memory.12. DDR SDRAMStill in 2000, successfully developed the ability Crucial SDRAM memory to be doubled.If the regular SDRAM can only run once every single instruction clock cycle frequency of the bus, the DDR SDRAM is able to run two instruction in the same time. The technique used is to use the full single frequency wave. If the regular SDRAM only do the instructions on the positive wave, the DDR SDRAM running good instructions on the positive wave and negative wave. Because of this memory is called DDR SDRAM which stands for Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.With DDR SDRAM memory, system bus with a frequency of 100-133 MHz will work effectively at a frequency of 200-266 MHz. DDR SDRAM was first used in ultra-speed AGP graphics card. While the use of the processor, AMD Thunderbird was the first to use it.13. DDR RAMIn 1999 two large companies Intel and AMD microprocessors competing in the increase in CPU clock speed. But the obstacles, because when upgrading to 133 MHz memory bus needs Memory (RAM) will be greater. And to solve this problem then be made to DDR RAM (double data rate transfer), which was originally used on a graphics card, because now you can use only 32 MB to 64 MB capacity. AMD was the first company to use DDR RAM on the motherboard.Differences DDR2 with DDR
14. DDR2 RAMWhen the memory type DDR (Double Data Rate) felt starts to slow down the rapid performance processors and graphics processors, DDR2 memory is the presence of logical advances in memory technology refers to the addition of speed and anticipation of increasingly wide access point triangle processor, memory, and interface graphics (graphic card) that comes with double the computing speed.The main differences between DDR and DDR2 is the data rate and increased latency to reach two-fold. This change is intended to produce a maximum speed in a computing environment that the faster, both on the processor or graphics.In addition, DDR2 voltage requirement also decreased. If the DDR voltage requirement was recorded 2.5 Volt, the DDR2 needs only 1.8 Volts. That is, technological advances in this DDR2 requires less power to write and read in memory.Technology DDR2 himself first used on several graphics interface device, and was finally introduced its use in RAM technology. And DDR2 technology is not compatible with DDR memory, so its use could only be done on a computer that does support DDR2.15. DDR3 RAMDDR3 RAM has a reduced power demand of about 16% compared to DDR2. This is because DDR3 is already using 90 nm technology so that only the power required konsusmsi 1.5V, less when compared to DDR2 and DDR 2.5V 1.8v. In theory, owned by the RAM speed is indeed quite stunning. He was able to transfer data with an effective clock of 800-1600 MHz. In the 400-800 MHz clock, much higher than DDR2 at 400-1066 MHz (200-533 MHz) and DDR at 200-600 MHz (100-300 MHz). DDR3 prototype of which has 240 pins. It's actually been introduced long ago in early 2005.However, the products themselves actually appear in mid 2007 in conjunction with a motherboard that uses Intel's P35 Bearlake chipset and the motherboard supports DIMM slotsEVOLUTION MODULEIn addition to experiencing the development of the capability, memory module processing techniques were also developed. From a simple system, until RIMM SIMM.The following brief explanation.1. S I M MShort for Single In-Line Memory Module, that module or memory chip embedded on one side of the circuit PCB. The memory of this type only have a total of leg (pin) as many as 30 and 72.SIMM 30 pins in the form of FPM DRAM, widely used in processor-based systems 386 and 486 generations of the end of the first generation. 30 pins SIM card capacity 1MB, 4MB and 16MB.Meanwhile, 70-pin SIMMs can be either FPM DRAM and EDO DRAM shared with the late-generation processor 486 and Pentium. 70 pin SIMM is produced on the capacity of 4MB, 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, 64MB and 128MB.2. D I M MShort for Dual In-Line Memory Module, that module or memory chip embedded on both sides of the PCB, berbalikan each other. DIMM memory is produced in 2 different forms, namely the amount of feet 168 and 184.DIMM 168-pin can be either Fast Page, EDO and ECC SDRAM, with capacities ranging from 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, 64MB and 128MB. While the form of DIM 184 pin DDR SDRAM.3. SODIMMShort for Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module. Memory is basically similar to DIMMs, but differ in their use. If the DIMM is used on a PC, then SO DIMM used on laptop / notebook.SODIMM produced in two types, first type has a total of 72 kakai, and only 144 numbered pieces4. RIMM / SORIMMRIMM and SORIMM is a type of memory that is made by Rambus. RIMM is basically the same with similar SORIMM DIMM and SODIMM.Because the use of Rambus technology, which prioritizes famous speeds, this memory is so hot so fast Rambus parties will need to add aluminum to help remove the heat generated by this memory.CONCLUSIONIf observed, memory development lead to increased memory capacity in the stream data to and from the processor and other devices. Both the increase in access time and memory bandwidth.In addition, the increased memory capacity is also growing. If the first, with the 8088 system, 1MB memory in one chip memory is very adequate, some companies now even make a memory capacity of 2GB in a single disc!No less developed is the trend decline in the working voltage required by the memory to work optimally.
MSI P67 try RAM 32GB capacity
DDR3 memory capacity of which reaches 24GB felt no satisfaction for some people.That is why some motherboard vendors are developing platforms that are able to provide significantly more capacity for DDR3 memory. One vendor who developed it was MSI. Typically, a high-end mainstream PC should be able to accommodate 4GB of memory for each slot. However, there are some users who want to push their systems to not follow the restrictions provided by the manufacturer or the company. They are people who want their own system with the motherboard slot display holds 24 GB of DDR3 memory.
Keep in mind that motherboard vendors are developing additional memory slot for its products must be adapted to the new CPU as well. To that end, Intel and AMD is also preparing the challenge. In fact, the motherboard that can hold 32GB of RAM as well as very good to be developed. MSI is one of the leading motherboard vendors have prepared P67A-GD65, which is built on Intel's P67 chipset. The new chipset is the result of the design from Intel to Sandy Bridge CPU, because it has a socket LGA 1155.
As disclosed tcmagazine motherboards from MSI has graduated from the test under the CPU-Z and did not find difficulty in adopting a memory capacity up to 32GB of RAM with Core i7 engineering sample-2600K. As information, the Core 2000 series processors is a naming scheme for Sandy Bridge. When it is running very smoothly, the various RAM memory manufacturers such as OCZ, Kingston, Corsair and others will make a 32GB memory kit with a rush.
However, the development of the ability of the PC is not always determined by the development of the processor alone. Still other factors, such as technology, chipset, memory, VGA card, the media store, and so forth. All devices with each other grow, evolve into a better direction for the joint - the same robust build a PC system.For that, through this paper, the author tries to give a little information about the evolution of the memory device on a PC. But before stepping on the subject matter, it must be stressed before discussing the scope of this paper. Evolution of memory that the author discussed in this paper covers only the main memory (main memory) type of RAM (Random Access Memory) used in micro-computer (PC).The rapid development of processor capability must be balanced with the increased memory capabilities. As a container for data / information needed by the processor as well as a container for the results of calculations performed by the processor, memory capability in managing such data is essential. Useless to a PC system with high-speed processor, if not matched by a commensurate memory capabilities.Inaccurate fusion processor with the memory capacity can lead to inefficiencies for both.Say we have a processor that can process the data flow of 100 instructions per second, while we have the memory with the ability to distribute data to the processor by 50 instructions per second. Then what happened? The system will experience a bottleneck.Processor must wait for data from memory. The instructions should be done within 1 second to 2 seconds because of limited memory capacity.What Does The terms of RAM?So many names and specific terms used in RAM. Sometimes it can be confusing. But it does not matter, after you read the following brief explanation. It can be used as a guide, at least to read the specifications and take into account the ability of the product concerned.SpeedSpeed or velocity, is increasingly becoming an important factor in the selection of a memory module. CPU speed increases, coupled with the development of the use of dual-core processors, making the RAM should have a faster ability to serve the CPU.There are several important parameters which will affect the speed of a memory.MegahertzThe use of this term, beginning in the era of the triumph of SDRAM. Memory speeds, ranging expressed in megahertz (MHz). And still used, even to the DDR2.Calculation based on the time interval (period) is needed between each clock cycle.Usually in the order of nanosecond time. As an example in the memory with the actual clock speed of 133 MHz, would require 8ns access time for 1 clock cycle.Then shifted by the presence of DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate). With a major development in the ability to send data twice as many. DDR transmit data twice in one clock cycle.Most products begin using effective clock speed, the result of multiplying two times the data being transmitted. These are more accurately referred to as DDR Rating.The same thing happened to DDR2. Is the result of the development of the DDR. With the main advantages of low voltage power supply that reduces heat during operation.DDR2 memory chip capacity also increased dramatically, enabling a DDR2 chip has a capacity of up to 2 GB. DDR2 also increased the speed compared to DDR.PC RatingIn DDR modules, often found in terms such as PC3200. For the DDR2 module, PC2-3200. Where did this figure come from?Commonly known as PC Rating for DDR and DDR2 modules. As this example is a DDR module with a clock speed of 200 MHz. Or for DDR rating called DDR400. With 64-bit bus width, then the data can be transferred is 25 600 megabits per second (= 400 MHz x 64-bit). With 1 byte = 8 bits, then rounded to 3.200MBps (Mebabyte per second). Throughput figure is used as the value of the PC rating. Additional number "2", both on the PC Rating Rating maupu DDR, only to tell the difference between DDR and DDR2.CAS LatencyAcronym derived from the abbreviation CAS column address strobe or column address select. Meaning they are the same, namely the specific location of an array of data in DRAM modules.CAS Latency, or also commonly abbreviated CL, is the amount of time required (in units of clock cycles) during the delay time between data requests sent to the memory controller for the read, until the memory module successfully pull the data output. The lower the CL specification owned a RAM module, with the same clock speed, will result in faster memory access.KNOW YOUR PARTS RAMPhysically, this one PC components including components with small size and simple.Compared to other PC components.At first glance, it is only in the form of a small piece of PCB, with several additional components of black. With additional points of contact points, to interact with the motherboard memory. This is in between.PCB (Printed Circuit Board)In general, green colored PCB board. On the PCB is some component of memory chips installed.PCB itself is composed of several layers (layer). At each layer is attached path or circuit, to supply power and data. In theory, the more the number of layers used on the memory PCB, will increasingly cross-sectional area available in designing the route.This allows the distance between point and line width can be set more freely, and avoid noise interference antarjalur on the PCB. And overall will make the memory modules are more stable and faster performance. That is why in some ads for memory products, emphasized the number of layers on the PCB used memory module products.Contact PointOften also called the finger contacts, edge connectors, or leads. When the memory module is inserted into the memory slot on the motherboard, this is the part that connects between the motherboard information to and from memory modules. This connector is usually made of copper or gold. Gold has a better conductivity value. But the consequences, with a more expensive price. Better choice of memory module connectors adapted to the materials used on the motherboard memory slot. Two different metals, coupled with electrical current flow allows the PC to work more corrosive reaction.At the contact point, which consists of hundreds of points, separated by a special indentation. Commonly referred to as a notch. Its main function, to prevent installation errors on the type of memory modules available DIMM slots on the motherboard. For example, DDR module has a notch is 73 mm from one end of the PCB (the front). While DDR2 has the notch at a distance of 71 mm from the tip of the PCB. For SDRAM, more easily distinguished, with the second notch on the contact point.DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)The components shaped black boxes mounted on a PCB module is called DRAM memory. Called dynamic, because it only holds data in a short period of time and must be refreshed periodically. While the types and forms of DRAM or memory chip itself is quite diverse.Chip PackagingOr in the Indonesian language is the chip packaging. Is the outer layer of the physical building blocks of each memory chip. Most commonly used, especially on DDR memory module is TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package). On RDRAM and DDR2 using CSP (Chip Scale Package). Some of the chip to memory modules prior to use DIP (Dual In-Line Package) and SOJ (Small Outline J-lead).DIP (Dual In-Line Package)This type of memory chip used when memory is installed directly on the motherboard PCB. DIP included in the category of through-hole components, which can be mounted on the PCB through holes are available for the legs / pins. Type of DRAM chips can be soldered or attached with the socket. SOJ (Small Outline J-Lead) Chip DRAM SOJ type, called demikan because it has a pin shaped like huruh "J". SOJ included in surfacemount component, meaning that this component is installed on the side surface on the PCB.TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package)Included in surfacemount component. His name is in accordance with the shape and physical size are much thinner and smaller than a SOJ.CSP (Chip Scale Package)If the DIP, SOJ and TSOP using the legs / pins to connect it to the board, CSP is no longer using a PIN. Connections using a BGA (Ball Grid Array) contained at the bottom of the component. DRAM chip components are put into use in the RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) and DDR.Historical development of RAM1. R A MRAM stands for Random Access Memory was discovered by Robert Dennard and produced on a large - scale by Intel in 1968, long before the PC is found by IBM in 1981.From here is the development of RAM starts. At the beginning of creation, the RAM requires 5.0-volt voltage to run at a frequency of 4.77 MHz, with memory access time (access time) of about 200ns (1ns = 10-9 seconds).2. D R A MIn 1970, IBM created a memory called DRAM. Own DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. Dynamic Named because this type of memory at any given time interval, always update the information or content validity. DRAM has a frequency that varies from 4.77 MHz to 40MHz.3. FP RAMFast Page Mode DRAM, or abbreviated with FPM DRAM is found around the year 1987. Since it was first launched, this type of memory directly dominate the memory market, and people often call this type of memory "DRAM" alone, without naming the FPM. This type of memory works just like an index or table of contents. Meaning Page itself is part of the memory contained on a row address. When the system requires the contents of a memory address, FPM stay retrieve information about them based on indices that have been owned. FPM enables faster data transfer on the line (row) of the same from the previous memory types. FPM works in the frequency range 16MHz to 66MHz with an access time of 50ns. In addition, FPM is able to process data transfer (bandwidth) of 188.71 Mega Bytes (MB) per second.FPM memory is widely used in systems based on Intel 286, 386 and bit 486.4. EDO RAMIn 1995, were created memory type Extended Data Output Dynamic Random Access Memory (EDO DRAM), which is a refinement of the FPM. EDO memory read cycle can shorten it so as to improve its performance about 20 percent. EDO has an access time that is varied enough, which is about 70ns to 50ns and working at a frequency of 33MHz to 75MHz. Although EDO is a refinement of the FPM, but both could not be installed simultaneously, because of differences in ability.EDO DRAM memory used in systems based on Intel 486 and Pentium kompatibelnya and earlier generations.5. PC66 SDRAMAt the turn of the year 1996 - 1997, Kingston creates a memory module which can work on the speed (frequency) the same bus / sync with a working frequency of the processor.That's why Kingston's call this type of memory as a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). SDRAM is then better known as the PC66 because working at 66MHz bus frequency. Unlike previous memory types that require a fairly high working voltage, voltage SDRAM requires only amounted to 3.3 volts and has an access time of 10ns.With the best ability at the time and has been mass produced, not only by Kingston alone, PC66 memory quickly became the standard time memory. Processor-based systems like Intel Pentium Socket 7 Classic (P75 - P266MMX) and kompatibelnya from AMD, WinChip, IDT, and so can work very fast by using these PC66 memory. Even Intel Celeron II early generation still uses PC66 SDRAM memory system.
6. PC100 SDRAMLapse of a period of one year after PC66 mass produced and used, Intel made a new standard type of memory that is an extension of PC66 memory. The new standard was created by Intel to balance the system with the system chipset i440BX Slot 1, which also was created by Intel. This chipset is designed to work on the bus frequency at 100MHz.This chipset was developed by Intel at the same time to be paired with the latest Intel Pentium II processor that works on a 100MHz bus. Because the bus system operates at a frequency of 100MHz while Intel still wants to use SDRAM memory systems, SDRAM memory method is developed that can work at 100MHz bus frequency. Like its predecessor PC66, SDRAM memory is then known as PC100.By using the working voltage of 3.3 volts, PC100 memory has an access time of 8ns, shorter than PC66. In addition, PC100 memory can stream data at 800MB per second.Almost identical to its predecessor, PC100 memory has brought a change in computer systems. Not only Slot 1-based processor that uses PC100 memory, the system based on Socket 7 was updated to be able to use PC100 memory. Then came the so-called Super Socket 7 systems. Examples of processors that use socket Super7 is AMD K6-2, Intel Pentium II generation of late, and early-generation Intel Pentium II Intel Celeron II and the early generations.
8. DR DRAMIn 1999, Rambus memory system by creating a new architecture and a revolutionary, totally different from SDRAM.Oleh Rambus memory architecture, memory is called Direct Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. By simply using a voltage of 2.5 volts, which works on RDRAM 800MHz system bus via a bus system called the Direct Rambus Channel, able to stream data at 1.6 GB per second! (1GB = 1000MHz).Unfortunately the sophistication DRDRAM not be utilized by the system chipset and processor at that time so the memory is less received support from various parties. One more thing that makes this memory is less desirable because the price is very expensive.9. PC800 RDRAMStill in the same year, Rambus has also developed an other memory types with the same ability with DRDRAM. The difference only lies in the necessary working voltage. If DRDRAM require voltage of 2.5 volts, then the PC800 RDRAM works on voltage 3.3 volt. The fate of RDRAM memory is almost the same as DRDRAM, less desirable, if not utilized by Intel.Intel has managed to create a very high-speed processor requires a memory system that is able to keep up and work together well. SDRAM memory type was not worth it anymore. Intel needs more than that. With dipasangkannya Intel Pentium4, RDRAM name skyrocketed, and the longer the price is getting down.10. PC133 SDRAMIn addition to the development of PC800 RDRAM memory in 1999, SDRAM memory has not been abandoned, even by the Vikings, even more enhanced capabilities. As the name implies, PC133 SDRAM memory works at 133MHz bus frequency with an access time of 7.5 ns and is able to stream data at 1.06 GB per second. Although developed to work on PC133 bus frequency of 133MHz, but memory is also capable of running at 100MHz bus frequency, although not as good as the ability possessed by PC100 at that frequency.11. PC150 SDRAMSDRAM memory development is increasingly becoming - so after Mushkin, in 2000 succeeded in developing memory chips capable of working at 150MHz bus frequency, although in fact there has been no official standards regarding the frequency of the bus system or chipset for this. Still with the working voltage of 3.3 volts, PC150 memory has an access time of 7ns and able to stream data at 1.28 GB per second.Memory is intentionally created for purposes of overclockers, but the user gaming applications and 3-dimensional graphics, desktop publishing, and computer servers to take advantage of the presence of PC150 memory.12. DDR SDRAMStill in 2000, successfully developed the ability Crucial SDRAM memory to be doubled.If the regular SDRAM can only run once every single instruction clock cycle frequency of the bus, the DDR SDRAM is able to run two instruction in the same time. The technique used is to use the full single frequency wave. If the regular SDRAM only do the instructions on the positive wave, the DDR SDRAM running good instructions on the positive wave and negative wave. Because of this memory is called DDR SDRAM which stands for Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.With DDR SDRAM memory, system bus with a frequency of 100-133 MHz will work effectively at a frequency of 200-266 MHz. DDR SDRAM was first used in ultra-speed AGP graphics card. While the use of the processor, AMD Thunderbird was the first to use it.13. DDR RAMIn 1999 two large companies Intel and AMD microprocessors competing in the increase in CPU clock speed. But the obstacles, because when upgrading to 133 MHz memory bus needs Memory (RAM) will be greater. And to solve this problem then be made to DDR RAM (double data rate transfer), which was originally used on a graphics card, because now you can use only 32 MB to 64 MB capacity. AMD was the first company to use DDR RAM on the motherboard.Differences DDR2 with DDR
14. DDR2 RAMWhen the memory type DDR (Double Data Rate) felt starts to slow down the rapid performance processors and graphics processors, DDR2 memory is the presence of logical advances in memory technology refers to the addition of speed and anticipation of increasingly wide access point triangle processor, memory, and interface graphics (graphic card) that comes with double the computing speed.The main differences between DDR and DDR2 is the data rate and increased latency to reach two-fold. This change is intended to produce a maximum speed in a computing environment that the faster, both on the processor or graphics.In addition, DDR2 voltage requirement also decreased. If the DDR voltage requirement was recorded 2.5 Volt, the DDR2 needs only 1.8 Volts. That is, technological advances in this DDR2 requires less power to write and read in memory.Technology DDR2 himself first used on several graphics interface device, and was finally introduced its use in RAM technology. And DDR2 technology is not compatible with DDR memory, so its use could only be done on a computer that does support DDR2.15. DDR3 RAMDDR3 RAM has a reduced power demand of about 16% compared to DDR2. This is because DDR3 is already using 90 nm technology so that only the power required konsusmsi 1.5V, less when compared to DDR2 and DDR 2.5V 1.8v. In theory, owned by the RAM speed is indeed quite stunning. He was able to transfer data with an effective clock of 800-1600 MHz. In the 400-800 MHz clock, much higher than DDR2 at 400-1066 MHz (200-533 MHz) and DDR at 200-600 MHz (100-300 MHz). DDR3 prototype of which has 240 pins. It's actually been introduced long ago in early 2005.However, the products themselves actually appear in mid 2007 in conjunction with a motherboard that uses Intel's P35 Bearlake chipset and the motherboard supports DIMM slotsEVOLUTION MODULEIn addition to experiencing the development of the capability, memory module processing techniques were also developed. From a simple system, until RIMM SIMM.The following brief explanation.1. S I M MShort for Single In-Line Memory Module, that module or memory chip embedded on one side of the circuit PCB. The memory of this type only have a total of leg (pin) as many as 30 and 72.SIMM 30 pins in the form of FPM DRAM, widely used in processor-based systems 386 and 486 generations of the end of the first generation. 30 pins SIM card capacity 1MB, 4MB and 16MB.Meanwhile, 70-pin SIMMs can be either FPM DRAM and EDO DRAM shared with the late-generation processor 486 and Pentium. 70 pin SIMM is produced on the capacity of 4MB, 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, 64MB and 128MB.2. D I M MShort for Dual In-Line Memory Module, that module or memory chip embedded on both sides of the PCB, berbalikan each other. DIMM memory is produced in 2 different forms, namely the amount of feet 168 and 184.DIMM 168-pin can be either Fast Page, EDO and ECC SDRAM, with capacities ranging from 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, 64MB and 128MB. While the form of DIM 184 pin DDR SDRAM.3. SODIMMShort for Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module. Memory is basically similar to DIMMs, but differ in their use. If the DIMM is used on a PC, then SO DIMM used on laptop / notebook.SODIMM produced in two types, first type has a total of 72 kakai, and only 144 numbered pieces4. RIMM / SORIMMRIMM and SORIMM is a type of memory that is made by Rambus. RIMM is basically the same with similar SORIMM DIMM and SODIMM.Because the use of Rambus technology, which prioritizes famous speeds, this memory is so hot so fast Rambus parties will need to add aluminum to help remove the heat generated by this memory.CONCLUSIONIf observed, memory development lead to increased memory capacity in the stream data to and from the processor and other devices. Both the increase in access time and memory bandwidth.In addition, the increased memory capacity is also growing. If the first, with the 8088 system, 1MB memory in one chip memory is very adequate, some companies now even make a memory capacity of 2GB in a single disc!No less developed is the trend decline in the working voltage required by the memory to work optimally.
MSI P67 try RAM 32GB capacity
DDR3 memory capacity of which reaches 24GB felt no satisfaction for some people.That is why some motherboard vendors are developing platforms that are able to provide significantly more capacity for DDR3 memory. One vendor who developed it was MSI. Typically, a high-end mainstream PC should be able to accommodate 4GB of memory for each slot. However, there are some users who want to push their systems to not follow the restrictions provided by the manufacturer or the company. They are people who want their own system with the motherboard slot display holds 24 GB of DDR3 memory.
Keep in mind that motherboard vendors are developing additional memory slot for its products must be adapted to the new CPU as well. To that end, Intel and AMD is also preparing the challenge. In fact, the motherboard that can hold 32GB of RAM as well as very good to be developed. MSI is one of the leading motherboard vendors have prepared P67A-GD65, which is built on Intel's P67 chipset. The new chipset is the result of the design from Intel to Sandy Bridge CPU, because it has a socket LGA 1155.
As disclosed tcmagazine motherboards from MSI has graduated from the test under the CPU-Z and did not find difficulty in adopting a memory capacity up to 32GB of RAM with Core i7 engineering sample-2600K. As information, the Core 2000 series processors is a naming scheme for Sandy Bridge. When it is running very smoothly, the various RAM memory manufacturers such as OCZ, Kingston, Corsair and others will make a 32GB memory kit with a rush.
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